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- ************************************
- * Uracil-DNA glycosylase signature *
- ************************************
-
- Uracil-DNA glycosylase (EC 3.2.2.-) (UNG) [1] is a DNA repair enzyme that
- excises uracil residues from DNA by cleaving the N-glycosylic bond. Uracil in
- DNA can arise as a result of misincorportation of dUMP residues by DNA
- polymerase or deamination of cytosine.
-
- The sequence of uracil-DNA glycosylase is extremely well conserved [2] in
- bacteria and eukaryotes as well as in herpes viruses. More distantly related
- uracil-DNA glycosylases are also found in poxviruses [3].
-
- In eukaryotic cells, UNG activity is found in both the nucleus and the
- mitochondria. Human UNG1 protein is transported to both the mitochondria and
- the nucleus [4]. The N-terminal 77 amino acids of UNG1 seem to be required for
- mitochondrial localization [4], but the presence of a mitochondrial transit
- peptide has not been directly demonstrated.
-
- As a signature for this type of enzyme, we selected the most N-terminal
- conserved region.
-
- -Consensus pattern: [KR]-V-[VC]-[LIVM]-x-G-[QI]-D-P-Y
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
-
- -Note: in humans, two additional sequences of UNG have been reported [5,6].
- These isozymes are not evolutionary related to other known UNG. One of them
- is a glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase [6] and the other related to
- cyclins [7]. Data available on three proteins proposed to be human uracil-DNA
- glycosylases is discussed in [8].
-
- -Expert(s) to contact by email: Aasland R.
- aasland@embl-heidelberg.de
-
- -Last update: October 1993 / Pattern and text revised.
-
- [ 1] Sancar A., Sancar G.B.
- Annu. Rev. Biochem. 57:29-67(1988).
- [ 2] Olsen L.C., Aasland R., Wittwer C.U., Krokan H.E., Helland D.E.
- EMBO J. 8:3121-3125 (1989).
- [ 3] Upton C., Stuart D.T., McFadden G.
- Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90:4518-4522(1993).
- [ 4] Slupphaug G., Markussen F.-H., Olsen L.C., Aasland R., Aarsaether N.,
- Bakke O., Krokan H.E., Helland D.E.
- Nucleic Acids Res. 21:2579-2584(1993).
- [ 5] Muller S.J., Caradonna S.
- Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1088:197-207(1991).
- [ 6] Meyer-Siegler K., Mauro D.J., Seal G., Wurzer J., Deriel J.K.,
- Sirover M.A.
- Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88:8460-8464(1991).
- [ 7] Muller S.J., Caradonna S.
- J. Biol. Chem. 268:1310-1319(1993).
- [ 8] Barnes D.E., Lindahl T., Sedgwick B.
- Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 5:424-433(1993).
-